After three years of relentless tracking, we’ve published a [paper](https://blogs.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence/vextrios-origin-story-from-spam-to-scam-to-adtech/) that, for the first time, exposes the true identities behind VexTrio. This research connects real names to the various companies that form the VexTrio ecosystem. It begins with the origin story—how a group of Italians launched a successful spam and dating business. Over time, VexTrio expanded its operations into malicious adtech and online scams. For over a decade, the group employed deceptive tactics to defraud countless innocent internet users. These illegitimate gains funded the extravagant lifestyles of VexTrio’s key figures—who, despite increasing scrutiny, have yet to be fully stopped.
We’re deeply grateful to all the contributors who helped us reach this research milestone, especially @rmceoin and Tord from [Qurium](https://www.qurium.org/).
