Let’s do an experiment: You’ll need two hands, a pen, and a sheet of paper. Place your left hand on your chest or on your carotid artery, take the pen in your right hand, and move it steadily across the paper while recording the beats and pauses. What you create resembles an ECG – but more importantly, you’ve just converted mechanical vibrations into a digital form. These can be translated into numerical values, fed into a computer, and transformed into sound using special software. This is how the sound of your heartbeat is created.
What is sound from a physical perspective? It’s a mechanical vibration that propagates through a medium. The denser the medium, the faster sound travels: about 343 m/s in air, around 1500 m/s in water, and even faster in solids. Since space is a vacuum – the area between celestial bodies (stars, planets, etc.) is almost empty and extremely low in density – it’s impossible for sound to travel through space.
So what is “the sound of the universe”? It can best be explained using pulsars. A pulsar recording shows a series of periodic impulses (just like your heartbeat), which can be digitized and converted into sound. The peaks in the recording mark the moments when the pulsar emits radiation in the direction of the observer; the pauses represent the times when the radiation points elsewhere.
These recordings have nothing to do with the actual sounds of the objects themselves. Still, in a way, they allow us to make space audible.
©Animation & Collage: A. Kazantsev | MPIfR