Scott Francis<p>Researchers have established a new foundation for future quantum cryptographic protocols—not just new algorithms like the current crop of <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/PQC" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>PQC</span></a> standards, but entirely new approaches to some of the primitives that modern cryptography relies on (like one-way state generators). The fundamental mathematical and quantum computing research here is still underway, but the number of open problems here is now down to one—and if quantum advantage is proven here, quantum cryptography will rely on a stronger theoretical footing than almost any classical cryptography (moving from NP-hard problems to <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/P" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>P</span></a>-hard problems like the matrix permanent problem).</p><p>The next decade is going to be an amazing time for breakthroughs in fundamental research and new capabilities that upend assumptions that have underpinned computing for 50+ years.</p><p><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-scientists-have-built-a-new-math-of-cryptography-20250725/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">quantamagazine.org/quantum-sci</span><span class="invisible">entists-have-built-a-new-math-of-cryptography-20250725/</span></a></p>