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SpaceLifeForm<p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://infosec.exchange/@heatsink" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>heatsink</span></a></span> </p><p>Just another reason not to travel on planes.</p><p>I knew someone (a travel agent) that flew extensively. Sure enough, he died of cancer.</p><p>You are going to be exposed to more Cosmic Rays when flying than will hit you when you stay on the ground. </p><p><a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/CosmicRays" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>CosmicRays</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Physics</span></a> <a href="https://infosec.exchange/tags/Mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mutations</span></a></p>
Giuseppe Michieli<p>Introducing a <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/framework" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>framework</span></a> for within-host <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/dynamics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>dynamics</span></a> and <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> modelling of <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/influenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>influenza</span></a> infection in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/humans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>humans</span></a>, <a href="https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/introducing-framework-for-within-host.html" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/0</span><span class="invisible">4/introducing-framework-for-within-host.html</span></a></p>
Cosmic Librarian<p>The U.S. Is Not Ready for Bird Flu in Humans</p><p>Bird flu is infecting more people than we think. We need to stop it now before a new pandemic begins</p><p>Right after President Donald Trump took office, amid the flurry of executive orders and agency upheavals, the administration told the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention not to release any reports or communications until one of Trump’s people could take a look at them. Among the many reports not released that week was a study on how many veterinarians had gotten bird flu.</p><p><a href="https://universeodon.com/tags/birdflu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>birdflu</span></a> <a href="https://universeodon.com/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> <a href="https://universeodon.com/tags/epidemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>epidemic</span></a></p><p><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-us-is-not-ready-for-bird-flu-in-humans/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">scientificamerican.com/article</span><span class="invisible">/the-us-is-not-ready-for-bird-flu-in-humans/</span></a></p>
Giuseppe Michieli<p>Genetic <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> associated with increased binding affinity to α-2,6 sialic acid receptors were found in the HA protein, including the N110S in MD/24WS005-2 virus, S154N in NP/24WC025 virus, and S133A and T156A in both viruses.</p>
MDMRN<p>This week for Tune Tuesday we have a theme of "Kick Back Tunes" - songs to kick back and relax to.</p><p>For me, I want something very chill in tone.</p><p>So how about a song off my favorite Beck album, Mutations.</p><p>We Live Again by Beck <a href="https://song.link/us/i/1487884062" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">song.link/us/i/1487884062</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p><p>Listen to that harpsichord. Gorgeous.</p><p><a href="https://urusai.social/tags/TuneTuesday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>TuneTuesday</span></a> <a href="https://urusai.social/tags/KickBackTunes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>KickBackTunes</span></a> <a href="https://urusai.social/tags/Music" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Music</span></a> <a href="https://urusai.social/tags/Mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Mutations</span></a> <a href="https://urusai.social/tags/Beck" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Beck</span></a></p>
DoomsdaysCW<p>The Emerging Threat of <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a> to Human Health</p><p>Authors: Michael G. Ison, M.D., and Jeanne Marrazzo, M.D., M.P.H.A<br>Published December 31, 2024</p><p>"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HPAI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HPAI</span></a>) A(<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a>) emerged in 1997.1 Since then, it has spread globally by migratory birds, resulting in infections in animals on every continent. HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in 2021 and resulted in fatal infections in poultry as well as terrestrial and marine mammals. In early 2024, influenza A infection was first recognized in dairy cows with mastitis in Texas. Infection in dairy cows is now widespread in the United States, affecting more than 875 herds in 16 states. Most cow infections are genotype B3.13, whereas most outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are genotype D1.1. </p><p>"Against this background, more humans have come into contact with HPAI A(H5N1). Investigators now report in the Journal a series of human cases from the United States and Canada. The former series involves 46 case patients with generally mild, self-limited infection with A(H5N1): 20 with exposure to poultry, 25 with exposure to dairy cows, and 1 with undefined exposure. Among case patients with occupational exposure, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was not universal. Most case patients presented with conjunctivitis, almost half with fever, and a minority with mild respiratory symptoms, and all recovered. The only hospitalization occurred in the case patient with undefined exposure, although hospitalization was not for respiratory illness. Of cases with sequenceable virus, most were B3.13; four cases in patients with poultry exposure were D1.1. </p><p>"In Canada, a 13-year-old girl with mild asthma and obesity presented with conjunctivitis and fever and had progression to respiratory failure. She received intubation and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After treatment that included oseltamivir, amantadine, and baloxavir, she recovered. Notably, genotype D1.1 was detected; sequencing of one isolate from the lower airways that was collected 8 days after the onset of symptoms showed three mutations potentially associated with enhanced virulence and human adaptation: E627K in the polymerase basic 2 gene and E186D and Q222H in the H5 hemagglutinin gene. It is unclear whether these mutations were present in the infecting virus or emerged during the course of the patient’s illness. </p><p>"These reports show several critical features of the threat of HPAI to human health, and how we might respond. First, collaboration among investigators in human and veterinary medicine, public health leadership, health care providers, and occupational authorities (especially agricultural), exemplified by the case series in United States, is paramount. Cases of H5N1 respiratory illness have been detected because of a standard surveillance approach aimed at detecting novel (nonseasonal) influenza. This approach involves cultivating trust not only among numerous entities but with people seeking care for symptoms of concern, including <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/conjunctivitis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>conjunctivitis</span></a>. </p><p>"Second, the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> evident in the Canadian case highlight the urgent need for vigilant surveillance of emerging mutations and assessment of the threat of human-to-human transmission. The One Health paradigm is foundational to this outbreak, yet to date, genomic sequencing data that have been collected from animals frequently lack critical metadata. Without information pertaining to where and when isolates were collected, the data cannot be linked phylogenetically to other reported sequences, which limits insight into how the virus is spreading. Such data would also provide opportunity for early detection of mutations that might portend avidity for human respiratory epithelium, which may require as little as one mutation. </p><p>"Third, we must continue to pursue development and testing of medical countermeasures. Fortunately, current vaccine candidates neutralize the circulating strains in vitro, and these strains so far are susceptible to antiviral agents. Studies have shown the safety and immunogenicity of A(H5N1) vaccines and the need for a two-dose prime–boost approach and use with adjuvants. Work is ongoing to complete candidate vaccines for clinical use, if needed. Furthermore, studies are ongoing to develop messenger RNA–based A(H5N1) vaccines and other novel vaccines that can provide protection against a broad range of influenza viruses, including A(H5N1). Circulating isolates are susceptible to all approved neuraminidase inhibitors, adamantanes, and baloxavir marboxil. The Canadian case showed higher viral loads in the lower airway and very prolonged shedding, despite therapy, which highlights the potential need for longer therapy. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued emergency-use instructions for oseltamivir that recommend longer durations of oseltamivir therapy for persons hospitalized with novel influenza viruses and twice-daily dose administration for prophylaxis. Baloxavir marboxil is not recommended for monotherapy in hospitalized patients because of concern for resistance emergence. Resistance to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/oseltamivir" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>oseltamivir</span></a> has occurred frequently among patients hospitalized for A(H5N1) infection. Combination of two agents may reduce this risk.</p><p>"Fourth, precautions to prevent infection are critical, including the use and optimization of PPE in occupational settings and education about the risk of contact with sick birds and animals. PPE use can be challenging in settings where dust, milk, and feathers may easily contaminate surfaces. Many environments are not air-conditioned and during the summer may be exceptionally warm, and the use of large fans may facilitate airborne particles.<br>Although these reports help to define some aspects of the clinical course of infection in the current H5N1 outbreak, many questions remain. The type of clinical presentation and severity may depend on the host, the route and inoculum of exposure, and the virus clade. For example, severe cases to date have been associated only with the wild-bird clade, D1.1. Historically, H5N1 infection in Southeast Asia and Egypt has been associated with a case fatality rate of approximately 50%. Whether host immunity (e.g., changes in population-level immunity to the neuraminidase component [N1] of seasonal influenza virus), route of exposure, or other changes in the virus itself might be partly responsible for the lower case fatality rate in North America is unknown.<br>The CDC still designates the risk of HPAI A(H5N1) to most Americans as low. We do have candidate vaccines and antivirals available to try to mitigate severe influenza in the case of wider spread. That said, a balance between enhanced vigilance and “business as usual” is needed. The past weeks have seen more cases detected in more states as well as more persons with respiratory illness acquired through exposure to poultry or from an unknown source. Without a clearer understanding of the extent of exposure, infection, viral evolution, and transmission, we will be unable to properly protect our communities from a pathogen that has proven to be a formidable challenge to human and animal health."</p><p><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2416323" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM</span><span class="invisible">e2416323</span></a> <br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BirdFlu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BirdFlu</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Flu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Flu</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Pandemic</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PPE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PPE</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/AvianInfluenza" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>AvianInfluenza</span></a></p>
DoomsdaysCW<p>But yes, it's <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BusinessAsUsual" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BusinessAsUsual</span></a> because <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Crapitalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Crapitalism</span></a> requires people to <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ConsumeConsumeConsume" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ConsumeConsumeConsume</span></a>!</p><p>Canadian teen with <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BirdFlu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BirdFlu</span></a> was on <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/LifeSupport" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>LifeSupport</span></a>, new report reveals</p><p>The hospitalized teen was also given three <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/antiviral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>antiviral</span></a> treatments, underscoring how severe <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a> infection can be</p><p>By Nicole Karlis, January 6, 2025</p><p>"In November, a teenager in British Columbia was infected and hospitalized with bird flu, caused by the H5N1 virus. While most cases have been mild, commonly characterized by <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/conjunctivitis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>conjunctivitis</span></a> and respiratory symptoms, this previously healthy Canadian teen was hospitalized from the virus in critical condition. Their symptoms started with double conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, and turned into a fever and coughing. A few days later the teenager was admitted to intensive care after developing acute respiratory distress syndrome [<a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ARDS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ARDS</span></a>].</p><p>"'This was a healthy teenager prior to this, so no underlying conditions,' said British Columbia’s health officer, Bonnie Henry, at a news conference at the time. 'It just reminds us that in young people this is a virus that can progress and cause quite severe illness.'</p><p>"Now, a recent report brings to light more details about the teenager’s case. In the report, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), researchers explain that the 13-year-old girl spent weeks fighting for her life after contracting a severe H5N1 infection from an unknown source. In finding her diagnosis, researchers say that she initially tested positive for influenza A, but not the seasonal subtype. Further testing suggested she had a high viral load of a novel influenza A infection, which researchers discovered to be the H5N1 avian flu.</p><p>"The next day doctors started her on oseltamivir, also known under the brand name Tamiflu. However, her respiratory functions declined rapidly causing her to be intubated. She was also placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a machine that is a form of life support for people with life-threatening illnesses. In addition to the ECMO machine, the teenager received a plasma exchange and two more antiviral medication treatments — amantadine and baloxavir. </p><p>"In an accompanying editorial, experts noted while mutations were detected in her case, it’s 'unclear whether these <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> were present in the infecting virus or emerged during the course of the patient’s illness.'</p><p>"In other words, it’s unclear if the virus <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/mutated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutated</span></a> to be more severe in humans.</p><p>"'The mutations evident in the Canadian case highlight the urgent need for vigilant surveillance of emerging mutations and assessment of the threat of human-to-human transmission,' the editorial stated, adding that vaccine development and therapeutics are also needed — perhaps to treat more severe illness. 'The Canadian case showed higher viral loads in the lower airway and very prolonged shedding, despite therapy, which highlights the potential need for longer therapy.'</p><p>"Researchers concluded their editorial with an acknowledgment that 'many questions remain.' For example, the severity of cases is likely to depend on host immunity, the route of exposure, or other changes in the virus. </p><p>"Currently, the CDC says that the risk to most Americans remains low. </p><p>"'We do have candidate vaccines and antivirals available to try to mitigate severe influenza in the case of wider spread,' the report stated. 'That said, a balance between enhanced vigilance and ‘business as usual’ is needed."</p><p><a href="https://www.salon.com/2025/01/06/new-report-on-severe-case-of-canadian-teen-with-bird-flu/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">salon.com/2025/01/06/new-repor</span><span class="invisible">t-on-severe-case-of-canadian-teen-with-bird-flu/</span></a><br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/HPAI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>HPAI</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/BirdFluMutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BirdFluMutations</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Flu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Flu</span></a></p>
☭ 𝗖 𝗔 𝗧 ☭<p>How DNA works.<br><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/biology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>biology</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/evolution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>evolution</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>science</span></a> <br><a href="https://youtu.be/2vWlC0A-Bgo" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">youtu.be/2vWlC0A-Bgo</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
Joseph Lim :mastodon:<p>Dr David A Kessler: I’m Concerned About <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/BirdFlu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>BirdFlu</span></a> 🦠😷<br>"teenager in B.C. <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/infected" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>infected</span></a> w <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/virus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>virus</span></a> is now critically ill.. it's unclear how s/he became infected.. No one knows how many <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> will be req'd to set off <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/humantohuman" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>humantohuman</span></a> respiratory spread.. we cld also be just 2 or 3 mutations away. If the virus begins to transmit efficiently among humans, it will be very difficult to contain, according to Johns Hopkins assessment &amp; “the likelihood of a <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/pandemic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>pandemic</span></a> is very high”"<br><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/26/opinion/vaccine-bird-flu-pandemic.html?unlocked_article_code=1.c04.PusW.pt42Fz6o9rpr&amp;smid=url-share" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">nytimes.com/2024/11/26/opinion</span><span class="invisible">/vaccine-bird-flu-pandemic.html?unlocked_article_code=1.c04.PusW.pt42Fz6o9rpr&amp;smid=url-share</span></a></p>
Giuseppe Michieli<p><a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/H5N1" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>H5N1</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/birdflu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>birdflu</span></a> virus in <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/Canadian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Canadian</span></a> <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/teenager" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>teenager</span></a> displays <a href="https://mstdn.science/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> demonstrating virus’ risk, STAT: <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2024/11/18/bird-flu-pandemic-h5n1-virus-mutations-canada-genomic-analysis/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">statnews.com/2024/11/18/bird-f</span><span class="invisible">lu-pandemic-h5n1-virus-mutations-canada-genomic-analysis/</span></a> </p><p>Two mutations spotted in the Canadian teen’s virus are known to help flu viruses make this attachment switch. “Both these sites play an important role in … binding specificity,” Jesse Bloom, an evolutionary virologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle, said in a series of posts responding to Hensley.</p>
PLOS Biology<p>New <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> are the source of all genetic variation but how do they impact trait variation? @Dumont_Lab explores a <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> study which finds that new mutations exert only weak effects on some traits in mice. Primer: <a href="https://plos.io/3Y0iXHa" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3Y0iXHa</span><span class="invisible"></span></a> Paper: <a href="https://plos.io/3ZGXOmz" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3ZGXOmz</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>
PLOS Biology<p>Distinct fitness effects of single-nucleotide subs &amp; <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/microsatellites" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>microsatellites</span></a>. @mossomest &amp;co use image-based growth measurement of <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/yeast" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>yeast</span></a> &amp; modeling to show that most new <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/mutations" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>mutations</span></a> are weakly deleterious, and distinguish <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/DFEs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>DFEs</span></a> of SNMs &amp; SSR indels <a href="https://fediscience.org/tags/PLOSBiology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PLOSBiology</span></a> <a href="https://plos.io/3W8vQwP" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="">plos.io/3W8vQwP</span><span class="invisible"></span></a></p>