Faster firewalls with bpfilter | LWN
「 proposed bpfilter as a way to transparently increase iptables performance by translating the filtering rules into BPF programs directly in the kernel ... sort of. Bpfilter was implemented as a user-mode helper, a user-space process started from the kernel, which allows for user-space tools to be used for development and prevents the translation logic from crashing the kernel 」