DoomsdaysCW<p>Toxic <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Gaslighting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Gaslighting</span></a>: How <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/3M" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>3M</span></a> Executives Convinced a Scientist the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ForeverChemicals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ForeverChemicals</span></a> She Found in Human Blood Were Safe<br> <br>Decades ago, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/KrisHansen" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>KrisHansen</span></a> showed 3M that its <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PFAS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PFAS</span></a> chemicals were in people’s bodies. Her bosses halted her work. As the <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/EPA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>EPA</span></a> now forces the removal of the chemicals from drinking water, she wrestles with the secrets that 3M kept from her and the world. </p><p>by Sharon Lerner<br>May 20, 6 a.m. EDT</p><p>"Kris Hansen had worked as a chemist at the 3M Corporation for about a year when her boss, an affable senior scientist named Jim Johnson, gave her a strange assignment. 3M had invented <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ScotchTape" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ScotchTape</span></a> and <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PostIt" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PostIt</span></a> notes; it sold everything from sandpaper to kitchen sponges. But on this day, in 1997, Johnson wanted Hansen to test human blood for chemical contamination.</p><p>"Several of 3M’s most successful products contained man-made compounds called <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/fluorochemicals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>fluorochemicals</span></a>. In a spray called <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Scotchgard" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Scotchgard</span></a>, fluorochemicals protected leather and fabric from stains. In a coating known as <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Scotchban" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Scotchban</span></a>, they prevented food packaging from getting soggy. In a soapy foam used by <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/firefighters" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>firefighters</span></a>, they helped extinguish jet-fuel fires. </p><p>"Johnson explained to Hansen that one of the company’s fluorochemicals, <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/PFOS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>PFOS</span></a> — short for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid — often found its way into the bodies of 3M factory workers. Although he said that they were unharmed, he had recently hired an outside lab to measure the levels in their blood. The lab had just reported something odd, however. For the sake of comparison, it had tested blood samples from the American Red Cross, which came from the general population and should have been free of fluorochemicals. Instead, it kept finding a contaminant in the blood.</p><p>"Johnson asked Hansen to figure out whether the lab had made a mistake. Detecting trace levels of chemicals was her specialty: She had recently written a doctoral dissertation about tiny particles in the atmosphere. Hansen’s team of lab technicians and junior scientists fetched a blood sample from a lab-supply company and prepped it for analysis. Then Hansen switched on an oven-size box known as a mass spectrometer, which weighs molecules so that scientists can identify them.</p><p>"As the lab equipment hummed around her, Hansen loaded a sample into the machine. A graph appeared on the mass spectrometer’s display; it suggested that there was a compound in the blood that could be PFOS. That’s weird, Hansen thought. Why would a chemical produced by 3M show up in people who had never worked for the company?"</p><p>Read more:<br><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/3m-forever-chemicals-pfas-pfos-inside-story?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-us" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://www.</span><span class="ellipsis">propublica.org/article/3m-fore</span><span class="invisible">ver-chemicals-pfas-pfos-inside-story?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-us</span></a> </p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/3MLied" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>3MLied</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/ToxicChemicals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>ToxicChemicals</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FirefightingFoam" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>FirefightingFoam</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Pollution" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>Pollution</span></a></p>