#Debugging

Programming QuotesEach new user of a new system uncovers a new class of bugs. — Brian W. Kernighan<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/bugs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bugs</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Paolo AmorosoA crippling and subtle timing bug in the onboard software of the Jupiter bound JUICE spacecraft. It takes the right stuff to troubleshoot such an issue with the running system 200 million km away.<a href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Juice_team_resolves_anomaly_on_approach_to_Venus" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Juice_team_resolves_anomaly_on_approach_to_Venus</a><a href="https://oldbytes.space/tags/JUICE" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#JUICE</a> <a href="https://oldbytes.space/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://oldbytes.space/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Mad A. Argon :qurio:It seems I miss <a href="https://is-a.cat/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> at work so much I had to spend Saturday afternoon updating everything on my VPS :blobcatjoy: <a href="https://is-a.cat/tags/nerd" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nerd</a> <a href="https://is-a.cat/tags/IT" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IT</a> <a href="https://is-a.cat/tags/Sysadmin" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Sysadmin</a> <a href="https://is-a.cat/tags/selfhosting" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#selfhosting</a>

Inautilo<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Development" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Development</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Guides" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Guides</a> Using the Safari developer tools · How to get started with Safari’s Web Inspector <a href="https://ilo.im/165xux" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://ilo.im/165xux</a>_____ <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Safari" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Safari</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/WebInspector" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WebInspector</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/DevTools" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DevTools</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Console" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Console</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Browser" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Browser</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/WebPerf" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WebPerf</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/WebDev" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WebDev</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Frontend" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Frontend</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/JavaScript" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#JavaScript</a>

Programming QuotesSometimes it pays to stay in bed on Monday, rather than spending the rest of the week debugging Monday's code. — Christopher Thompson<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Ivor HewittGrr. ok with openocd I can probe the NAND over jtag, and see the info.... > nand probe 0 NAND flash device 'NAND 256MiB 3.3V 8-bit (Hynix)' found > nand info 0 0 1 #0: NAND 256MiB 3.3V 8-bit (Hynix) pagesize: 2048, buswidth: 8, erasesize: 131072 #0: 0x00000000 (128kB) erase state unknown (block condition unknown) #1: 0x00020000 (128kB) erase state unknown (block condition unknown)but I can't read/dump. ☹️ > nand dump 0 test.dump 0x20000 0x800 reading NAND flash page failedNot sure what could be wrong/need changing. 😡 This is driving me mad, although I'm not an openocd expert to know why the info would work but read not.<a href="https://social.ivor.org/tags/openocd" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#openocd</a> <a href="https://social.ivor.org/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> <a href="https://social.ivor.org/tags/hacking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#hacking</a> <a href="https://social.ivor.org/tags/jtag" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#jtag</a>

ADMIN magazineSurvey from Stack Overflow shows that 66% of developers are frustrated by the inaccuracy of AI-generated code <a href="https://www.admin-magazine.com/News/Stack-Overflow-Survey-66-of-Developers-Frustrated-by-AI-Inaccuracy?utm_source=mam" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.admin-magazine.com/News/Stack-Overflow-Survey-66-of-Developers-Frustrated-by-AI-Inaccuracy?utm_source=mam</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/developers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#developers</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/survey" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#survey</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/ArtificialIntelligence" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ArtificialIntelligence</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/LLM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LLM</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/coding" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#coding</a> <a href="https://hachyderm.io/tags/MachineLearning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MachineLearning</a>

Aral BalkanAh, and also, forgot to mention this change:Improved:• Debugging your Kitten app is now easier when you run it using `INSPECT=true kitten …` as the Node runtime is launched using the `--inspect-brk` tag instead of the `--inspect` tag. This means that execution will wait for your debugger (e.g., Chromium’s DevTools at `chrome://inspect`, etc.) to connect before starting the server. This makes it possible to hit breakpoints that might previously have been impossible to reach as they occured before you had a chance to run the debugger.Full change log: <a href="https://codeberg.org/kitten/app/src/branch/main/CHANGELOG.md#2025-08-12" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://codeberg.org/kitten/app/src/branch/main/CHANGELOG.md#2025-08-12</a><a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/Kitten" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Kitten</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/SmallWeb" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SmallWeb</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/SmallTech" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SmallTech</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/NodeJS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NodeJS</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/debugger" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugger</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/web" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#web</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/dev" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dev</a> <a href="https://mastodon.ar.al/tags/JavaScript" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#JavaScript</a>

Inautilo<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Development" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Development</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Techniques" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Techniques</a> CSS debugging tips · Learn how to find and fix weird CSS issues <a href="https://ilo.im/165xyf" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://ilo.im/165xyf</a>_____ <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/CSS" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CSS</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Chrome" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Chrome</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/DevTools" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DevTools</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Browser" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Browser</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/WebDev" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WebDev</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Frontend" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Frontend</a>

Orhun Parmaksız 👾This is what I use for debugging embedded stuff 🪛🔥📡 **comchan** — Minimal serial monitor for the terminal⚙️ Supports configuration, auto port detection and serial plotting with a TUI! 📈🦀 Written in Rust & uses <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@ratatui_rs" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@ratatui_rs</a>⭐ GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/Vaishnav-Sabari-Girish/ComChan" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://github.com/Vaishnav-Sabari-Girish/ComChan</a><a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/rustlang" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rustlang</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/ratatui" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ratatui</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/tui" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#tui</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/serial" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#serial</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/monitor" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#monitor</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/embedded" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#embedded</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/terminal" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#terminal</a> <a href="https://fosstodon.org/tags/diy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#diy</a>

AI6YR BenAha, re-entry bug in <a href="https://m.ai6yr.org/@disaster_bot" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@disaster_bot</a> -- I was throwing evacuations into that bot and there were two dozen evac zones triggered in Yreka, which took longer to draw than the 4 minute update. So it started again, and started drawing the zones (again)... repeat until OOM crash (no crash, caught it). Properly forced the code to lock before execution, and timeout if it cannot receive the lock. <a href="https://m.ai6yr.org/tags/software" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#software</a> <a href="https://m.ai6yr.org/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Miguel Afonso CaetanoDo AI models help produce verified bug fixes?"Abstract: Among areas of software engineering where AI techniques — particularly, Large Language Models — seem poised to yield dramatic improvements, an attractive candidate is Automatic Program Repair (APR), the production of satisfactory corrections to software bugs. Does this expectation materialize in practice? How do we find out, making sure that proposed corrections actually work? If programmers have access to LLMs, how do they actually use them to complement their own skills? To answer these questions, we took advantage of the availability of a program-proving environment, which formally determines the correctness of proposed fixes, to conduct a study of program debugging with two randomly assigned groups of programmers, one with access to LLMs and the other without, both validating their answers through the proof tools. The methodology relied on a division into general research questions (Goals in the GoalQuery-Metric approach), specific elements admitting specific answers (Queries), and measurements supporting these answers (Metrics). While applied so far to a limited sample size, the results are a first step towards delineating a proper role for AI and LLMs in providing guaranteed-correct fixes to program bugs. These results caused surprise as compared to what one might expect from the use of AI for debugging and APR. The contributions also include: a detailed methodology for experiments in the use of LLMs for debugging, which other projects can reuse; a finegrain analysis of programmer behavior, made possible by the use of full-session recording; a definition of patterns of use of LLMs, with 7 distinct categories; and validated advice for getting the best of LLMs for debugging and Automatic Program Repair"<a href="https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2507.15822" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2507.15822</a><a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AI</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/GenerativeAI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GenerativeAI</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/LLMs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LLMs</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/Programming" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Programming</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/APR" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#APR</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/SoftwareDevelopment" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SoftwareDevelopment</a> <a href="https://tldr.nettime.org/tags/SoftwareBugs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SoftwareBugs</a>

heise DeveloperNeu in .NET 9.0 [31]: Verbesserte Ausgabe bei Debug.Assert()Beim Fehlschlagen der übergebenen Bedingung zeigt .NET 9.0 diese in der Ausgabe komplett an. <a href="https://www.heise.de/blog/Neu-in-NET-9-0-31-Verbesserte-Ausgabe-bei-Debug-Assert-10499888.html?wt_mc=sm.red.ho.mastodon.mastodon.md_beitraege.md_beitraege&utm_source=mastodon" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.heise.de/blog/Neu-in-NET-9-0-31-Verbesserte-Ausgabe-bei-Debug-Assert-10499888.html?wt_mc=sm.red.ho.mastodon.mastodon.md_beitraege.md_beitraege&utm_source=mastodon</a><a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/NET" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NET</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/C" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#C</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/IT" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#IT</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/Microsoft" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Microsoft</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/news" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#news</a>

Make MagazinDer praxisorentierte Einsteig in RISC-V: Make Special jetzt im heise ShopBare-Metal-Programming auf RISC-V in Assembler kann so einfach sein. Das Bundle aus Heft und ESP32-C6 führt praktisch durch Programmierung und Debugging.<a href="https://www.heise.de/news/Der-praxisorentierte-Einsteig-in-RISC-V-Make-Special-jetzt-im-heise-Shop-10487967.html?wt_mc=sm.red.ho.mastodon.mastodon.md_beitraege.md_beitraege&utm_source=mastodon" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.heise.de/news/Der-praxisorentierte-Einsteig-in-RISC-V-Make-Special-jetzt-im-heise-Shop-10487967.html?wt_mc=sm.red.ho.mastodon.mastodon.md_beitraege.md_beitraege&utm_source=mastodon</a><a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/Mikrocontroller" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Mikrocontroller</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/Wissenschaft" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Wissenschaft</a> <a href="https://social.heise.de/tags/news" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#news</a>

No Starch PressBuilding your own debugger is a powerful way to understand Linux internals. From forking and tracing to handling signals and interacting with registers, you'll gain practical insight into how debuggers actually work. It’s also a solid exercise in writing clean, testable C++ systems code.<a href="https://nostarch.com/building-a-debugger" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://nostarch.com/building-a-debugger</a><a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Linux" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Linux</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Cplusplus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Cplusplus</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Debugging</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/SystemsProgramming" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SystemsProgramming</a>

Jörg Seidel<a href="https://indieweb.social/@jbz" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@jbz</a> I could understand the code by just reading it from top to bottom. In reality that would not work because i stop reading at the line "import pandas as pd"<a href="https://det.social/tags/python" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#python</a> <a href="https://det.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

jbz🐍 Decode Any Python Code With This 5-Step Method｢ It’s rare to write all the original code in an application yourself, and even rarer for an application to be completely rewritten from scratch. More likely, your workflow will involve working with code that was written by someone else (who may no longer be available to explain it) and iterated on by others (who also might be out of reach) long before it ever appears on your screen ｣<a href="https://thenewstack.io/decode-any-python-code-with-this-5-step-method/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://thenewstack.io/decode-any-python-code-with-this-5-step-method/</a><a href="https://indieweb.social/tags/python" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#python</a> <a href="https://indieweb.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Xdebug🥳 Xdebug 3.4.5 Released!🐛 This is a bug fix release.🧬 One fix addresses crashes when using Xdebug's debugger with (nested) Fibers.↪️ A second bug addresses an issue where, while debugging, Xdebug sometimes calls get property hooks which can then update and change the object's state.📄 The full list of changes can be found on the updates page: <a href="https://xdebug.org/announcements/2025-07-14" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://xdebug.org/announcements/2025-07-14</a><a href="https://phpc.social/tags/php" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#php</a> <a href="https://phpc.social/tags/xdebug" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xdebug</a> <a href="https://phpc.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a>

Piotr Esden-TempskiWe are happy to announce the first stable release V1.0.0 of bmputil! This Black Magic Probe Utility simplifies the process of keeping your Black Magic Probe configured and up to date. The main new feature is the ability to automatically find and download the newest Black Magic Probe firmware. No need to find binaries any more! Massive thanks to <a href="https://chaos.social/@dragonmux" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@dragonmux</a> for a big push to make this release a reality! <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/opensource" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#opensource</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/rust" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rust</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/embedded" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#embedded</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/jtag" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#jtag</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/swd" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#swd</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/mcu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mcu</a> <a href="https://chaos.social/tags/electronics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#electronics</a> <a href="https://github.com/blackmagic-debug/bmputil/releases/tag/v1.0.0" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://github.com/blackmagic-debug/bmputil/releases/tag/v1.0.0</a>

C.So after figuring out which bits to remove, I set about building it. I first tried laying it out on a single one of my custom <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/protoboards" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#protoboards</a> I posted about before. It gets very dense, and would require cutting / splitting a whole lot more of the 6-hole <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/pad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pad</a> <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/strips" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#strips</a> than I really wanted to do. So I built it on two boards, using the same modular connection between them that I use for the rest of my effects boards.Even the original Boss pedal used 2 separate boards, so I don't feel too badly about it.Anyway... it took a while to fiddle with the layouts to get something I like, then document my parts placement, remove all the parts and start re-populating and <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/soldering" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#soldering</a> them into place. But I got that done this evening.I did a little meter <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/probing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#probing</a> of the results to find any obvious missing connections or such, and fixed a couple. Then I plugged in my guitar, and ...It <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/worked" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#worked</a>, perfectly, the first time. I believe that's the first time any of my effects have not required any <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/debugging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debugging</a> at all. I'm <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/chuffed" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#chuffed</a> .And it sounds *fantastic*.The originally-called-for <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/transistors" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#transistors</a> and <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/diodes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#diodes</a> are mostly <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/obsolete" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#obsolete</a> and hard to find. I dug through datasheets to find ones I thought would (a) be acceptable substitutes, and (b) I already had in my parts bins. Frankly, given the nature of the effect, I doubt the selections are too critical, but I'll include what I used for completeness, in case anyone else wants to make one of these.<a href="https://mindly.social/tags/maker" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#maker</a> <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/components" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#components</a> <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/substitute" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#substitute</a>4/x

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